The Human Development Index (HDI) is regarded as a key metric for assessing the dimensions of quality of life and societal progress. This composite index measures three fundamental dimensions: the enjoyment of a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and education, and an adequate standard of living.According to the theoretical foundations of economics, the possession of abundant natural resources provides the necessary potential to achieve higher levels of economic growth and development. In light of this perspective and considering Iran's substantial natural resource reserves, the present study has been designed with the objective of analyzing the impact of natural resource abundance on the Human Development Index in the Iranian economy.To achieve this objective, a threshold regression model was employed for the time period from 1990 to 2022 This finding indicates that the effect of natural resource abundance on the Human Development Index in Iran follows a U-shaped pattern.In another part of the results, the effects of the control variables revealed that foreign direct investment and oil revenues exert negative and statistically significant impacts on human development, whereas globalization, the degree of industrialization, and population growth exhibit positive and statistically significant effects.