پژوهش های برنامه و توسعه

پژوهش های برنامه و توسعه

نقش سلامت در جذب سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران. ایران.
3 گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی. تهران. ایران
4 گروه اقتصاد. دانشگاه پیام نور. تهران. ایران
چکیده
مطالعه حاضر بر آن است تا با رویکردمدل سازی ، به بررسی تحلیلی تاثیر سلامت بر سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه بپردازد. بر این اساس، با توجه به اینکه سلامت عمومی جوامع نقش کلیدی در جذب سرمایه گذاری های خارجی ایفا می کند این تحقیق سعی دارد تا رابطه بین وضعیت بهداشت و درمان و میزان FDI را با استفاده ار داده های مربوط به 6 کشور منتخب در حال توسعه (عراق، اردن، ترکیه، قطر، مصر و ایران) طی دوره زمانی 1990-2021 و با استفاده از روش اقتصادسنجی پانل ازریابی کند.یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که متغیر درجه باز بودن تجاری به میزان (78/1%)، تولید ناخالص داخلی(5/2%) و شاخص های بهداشتی نظیر نرخ مرگ و میر (1/2%)، امید به زندگی(95/17%) و هزینه های سلامت (35/0%)، با بهبود وضعیت سلامت می توانند به طور مثبت و معناداری بر سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی اثرگذار باشند. ضریب نرخ تورم به میزان (75/0%) و نرخ بهره (25/0%) تاثیر منفی و معناداری بر سرمایه گذاری خارجی دراد. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که سلامت عمومی و شاخص‌های بهداشتی، نه‌تنها بر کیفیت زندگی و رفاه اجتماعی تأثیرگذارند، بلکه از طریق تأثیر بر عوامل اقتصادی و جذب سرمایه‌گذاری، می‌توانند به توسعه و رشد اقتصادی کشور نیز کمک کنند. در واقع، نتایج این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که کشورهایی که به بهبود شاخص‌های بهداشتی و رفاهی توجه ویژه‌ای دارند، می‌توانند از طریق این بهبودها سرمایه‌گذاری بیشتری را جذب کنند و از این راه به رشد پایدار دست یابند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Health in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries

نویسندگان English

Hasan Makhmali 1
Nasrin Mansouri 2
Samira Motaghi 3
Mohammad reza Rezaei 4
1 Department of Economics, Payame Noor university, Tehran. Iran
2 Department of Economics, Payame Noor university, Tehran, Iran
3 Departmentof Economics. Allameh Tabatabai University. Tehran. Iran
4 Department of Economics. Payame Noor university. Tehran. Iran
چکیده English

The present study aims to analytically examine the impact of health on foreign direct investment in developing countries using a modeling approach. Accordingly, given that the general health of communities plays a key role in attracting foreign investments, this research attempts to assess the relationship between the state of health and treatment and the amount of FDI using data from 6 selected developing countries (Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, Qatar, Egypt, and Iran) during the period 1990-2021 and using the panel econometric method. The research findings show that the variable of degree of trade openness (1.78%), gross domestic product (2.5%), and health indicators such as mortality rate (2.1%), life expectancy (17.95%), and health costs (0.35%) can have a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment by improving health status. It should be noted that the positive effect of mortality rate on increasing FDI could be due to the fact that an increase in this variable increases the need for investment in the healthcare and treatment sectors, and therefore increases the attraction of foreign investment in this sector. Finally, the coefficient of inflation rate (0.75%) and interest rate (0.25%) had a negative and significant effect on foreign investment. Accordingly, it was found that most of these variables have positive and significant effects on attracting foreign direct investment. These findings show that public health and health indicators not only affect the quality of life and social welfare, but also can contribute to the country's economic development and growth through their impact on economic factors and investment attraction. In fact, the results of this research indicate that countries that pay special attention to improving health and welfare indicators can attract more investment through these improvements and thereby achieve sustainable growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Foreign Direct Investment
Public Health
Developing Countries
Panel Data
بیات، ر.، و عسکری.، م. (1394). بررسی عوامل موثر بر جریان سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی در افغانستان. مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام، 4(1)، 111-133.
توسلی‌نیا، ح. (1400)۱۴۰۰. بررسی تأثیر سلامت جمعیت بر جریان ورود سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه (دوره ۲۰۱۹۲۰۰۰) [پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی]. ایران: دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، دانشکده اقتصاد.‏
جعفری، م.، حسینی، س.، و کریمی، ن. (۱۴۰۲). بررسی اثر سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر شاخص‌های توسعه انسانی در ایران با تأکید بر سلامت و آموزش. فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصادی ایران، ۲۷(2)، ۵۹۸۶.
درگاهی، م. (2012). بررسی اثرات سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی بر توسعه اقتصادی ایران. فصلنامه تحقیقات اقتصادی، 14(1)، 2344.
رضوی، م.، و احمدی، س. (۱۴۰۱). رابطه سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی و کیفیت نهادی با بهبود سلامت در ایران. فصلنامه پژوهش‌های توسعه اقتصادی ایران،۲۶(1)، ۴۷۷۲.
شاه‌آبادی، ف.، و گل‌پرور، م. (۱۴۰۰). تأثیر شاخص فلاکت بر هزینه‌های سلامت در ایران. فصلنامه اقتصاد و برنامه‌ریزی سلامت، ۵(2)، ۶۵۸۴.
صمدی، ا.، و رضایی، ن. (۱۴۰۱). بررسی اثر نامتقارن سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی و مخارج بهداشتی دولت بر سلامت جمعیت در ایران. فصلنامه اقتصاد سلامت ایران، ۵(۳)، ۸۹۱۱۰.‏
منصوری، ف. (2013). تأثیر سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی بر رشد اقتصادی و اشتغال در ایران. مجله پژوهش‌های اقتصادی، 13(2)، 4568.
 
Ahmed, Z., Zhang, B., & Khan, N. (2022). Exploring the relationship between FDI, economic growth, and environmental quality in Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(7), 10154‑10170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‑021‑16584‑1
Aldy, J. E., & Miller, S. (2008). Environmental protection and FDI flows: Reconciling growth and health. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 56(2), 206–220.
Aldy, J. E., & Millner, A. (2008). Do long-lived societies value future generations less? Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2(2), 189–205.
Alsan, M., Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2006). The effect of population health on foreign investment flows into low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 34(4), 613–630.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.09.005
Asiedu, E. (2002). On the determinants of foreign direct investment to developing countries: Is Africa different? World Development, 30(1), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00100-0
Barro, R. J., & Lee, J. W. (2013). A new data set of educational attainment in the world, 1950–2010. Journal of development economics104, 184-198.
Berklin, N., Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2005). Health and the global investment climate: Evidence and policy implications. Harvard School of Public Health Discussion Paper Series.
Bhargava, A., Jamison, D. T., Lau, L. J., & Murray, C. J. L. (2001). Modeling the effects of health on economic growth. Journal of Health Economics, 20(3), 423–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(00)00073-3
Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2000). The health and wealth of nations. Science, 287(5456), 1207–1209. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5456.1207
Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2021). The health and wealth of nations revisited. Journal of Health Economics, 80, 102536.
Boateng, A., Hua, X., & Ngwu, F. (2022). Natural resources and inward FDI: Evidence from emerging and developing economies. Resources Policy, 76, 102616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102616
Brada, J. C., Kutan, A. M., & Yigit, T. M. (2021). The effects of political and economic institutions on foreign direct investment inflows: Evidence from transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 49(2), 456–472.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2020.10.004
Caves, R. E. (1996). Multinational enterprise and economic analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Chen, T., Li, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022). Strategic asset-seeking FDI and innovation spillovers in host countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121660.
De Mello, L. R. (1997). Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: A selective survey. Journal of Development Studies, 34(1), 1–34.
De Mello, L. R. (1997). Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: A selective survey. Journal of Development Studies, 34(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389708422501
Dos Santos, T. (1970). The structure of dependence. American Economic Review, 60(2), 231–236.
Dunning, J. H. (1980). Toward an eclectic theory of international production: Some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), 9–31.
Dunning, J. H. (1988). The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1), 1–31.
Evans, P. (1979). Dependent development: The alliance of multinational, state, and local capital in Brazil. Princeton University Press.
Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., Sachs, J., De Neve, J.-E., Aknin, L., & Wang, S. (2023). World happiness report 2023. Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
Hu, X., & Gan, C. (2021). Public health risks and inflow of foreign direct investment: A global panel evidence. Health Economics Review, 11(1), 67‑82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561‑021‑00340‑z
Hymer, S. H. (1976). The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment. MIT Press.
Kaczmarek, P., et al. (2021). Physical wellness as foundation of holistic health. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 786. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10876-4
Kemp, M. C. (1964). The theory of international capital movements. Clarendon Press.
Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., & Green, J. G. (2023). Contemporary determinants of mental health disparities: Re-evaluation in post-pandemic society. The Lancet Psychiatry, 10(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00412-9
Kindleberger, C. P. (1969). American business abroad: Six lectures on direct investment. Yale University Press.
Kuo, L., Wang, P., & Lin, C. (2020). Infrastructure-focused FDI and equitable healthcare access: Cross-country evidence. Global Health Action, 13(1), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1715018
Lee, H., Kim, J., & Park, S. (2022). Physical health and quality of life: Cross-sectional analysis from population-based data. Health Promotion International, 37(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac015
Li, X., Chen, Y., & Zhao, R. (2022). Human capital quality, health outcomes and inward FDI: Evidence from cross‑country panel data. Economic Modelling, 111, 105816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105816
  Li, Y., González, L., & Pereira, R. (2022). Foreign direct investment, income inequality, and poverty: Evidence from Latin America. World Development, 153, 105856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105856
Li, Y., Zhang, C., & Xu, J. (2023). Environmental consequences of foreign investment: Impacts on community health. Ecological Economics, 209, 107918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107918
MacDougall, G. D. A. (1960). The benefits and costs of private investment from abroad: A theoretical approach. Economic Record, 36(73), 13–35.
Mihalache, M. (2021). Multinational knowledge flows and healthcare innovation. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(6), 1095–1112. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00340-2
Moran, T. (2021). FDI and policy-based incentives: global competition for investment. World Economy, 44(7), 1892–1914.
Narula, R. (2023). Revisiting the role of multinational enterprises in the digital economy: Knowledge, innovation and sustainable development. Journal of International Business Studies, 54(5), 877–892. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00562-0
Narula, R., & Dunning, J. H. (2020). Multinational enterprises, development and globalization: Some clarifications and a research agenda. International Business Review, 29(2), 101618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101618
Nguyen, T., Vo, A., & Le, Q. (2022). Foreign direct investment, employment, and public health: Evidence from developing economies. Health Economics Review, 12(4), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-022-00368-4
OECD. (2022). Global value chains and investment resilience post-COVID-19. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). FDI, infrastructure, and health equity: Policy insights. Paris: OECD Publishing
Paul, B., & Feliciatto, R. (2021). Health, Human Capital and Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Perspective on Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Development Studies, 43(2), 115–134.
Rodrik, D. (1999). The new global economy and developing countries: Making openness work. Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council.
Rugman, A. M. (1980). Internalization as a general theory of international business. Economic Studies on Multinational Enterprises, 1(3), 1–23.
Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (2021). Internalization theory and the multinational enterprise: New developments. Journal of World Business, 56(4), 101241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101241
Salvatore, D. (1992). International economics (4th ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan.
Semler, W., Duran, A., & Evans, D. (2007). Health financing in the European Union: Challenges and policy responses. World Health Organization & European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.
  Siddiq, M. N. (2021). Foreign direct investment, economic growth, and health nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Health Economics and Policy, 6(2), 45‑55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hep.20210602.12
Singh, H., & Jun, K. W. (1995). Some new evidence on determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1531. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
Skarbek, D., & Mitchell, W. (2002). Market size and foreign direct investment: Evidence from developing economies. Journal of Economic Development Studies, 18(4), 45–63.
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65–94.
Soud, M., Al‑Mahmud, S., & Kareem, R. (2023). The impact of foreign direct investment on health and human development indicators in Arab countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 50(4), 812‑830. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jes.2023.xxxxx
Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021). Social connectedness and mental well-being: Longitudinal findings from UK cohort data. Psychological Medicine, 53(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721001349
Umberson, D., & Montez, J. K. (2022). Social relationships and health: A century of progress and new directions. Annual Review of Public Health, 43, 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-042620-125932
UNCTAD. (2010). World Investment Report 2010. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
UNCTAD. (2023). World Investment Report 2023: Investing in Sustainable Energy. Geneva: United Nations.
UNCTAD. (2024). World Investment Report 2024: Global Investment Trends in a Fragmenting World. Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2023). World investment report 2023: Investing in sustainable health systems. Geneva: UNCTAD.
Warman, F., Trefler, D., & Gorg, H. (2003). Economic size and the determinants of foreign direct investment. Review of International Economics, 11(5), 861–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00411
World Bank. (2021). Global economic prospects: Human capital and inclusive growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Health Organization (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization (2023). Global status report on physical activity 2023. Geneva: WHO.
Zhang, J. (2001). Health, human capital and economic growth: Theory and evidence. Economics Letters, 72(3), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00434-9